Cookie laws
Cookie and consent laws, explained one by one.
Which law applies to your website, what it requires for cookies and consent, who enforces it and what a breach costs. One clear, sourced guide per law.
The laws
Choose the law that applies to you.
Each guide covers the scope, the consent rules, the banner, penalties and a compliance checklist, with links to the official texts.
GDPR and cookies: what the law requires from your website
- Jurisdiction
- European Union (EEA)
- Maximum fine
- €20 million or 4% of worldwide annual turnover, whichever is higher
ePrivacy Directive and cookies: the rule behind every consent banner
- Jurisdiction
- European Union (EEA), through national laws
- Maximum fine
- Set by each member state's national law (no EU-wide cap)
CCPA and CPRA cookies: what California law requires from your website
- Jurisdiction
- California, United States
- Maximum fine
- $2,663 per violation, $7,988 per intentional violation or violation involving minors (2025 adjusted amounts)
UK GDPR, PECR and cookies: what UK law requires from your website
- Jurisdiction
- United Kingdom
- Maximum fine
- £17.5 million or 4% of worldwide annual turnover, whichever is higher
TDDDG and cookies: what Germany's section 25 requires from your website
- Jurisdiction
- Germany
- Maximum fine
- €300,000 per violation of section 25 (GDPR fines can apply on top)
Swiss nFADP and cookies: what the revised Data Protection Act requires from your website
- Jurisdiction
- Switzerland
- Maximum fine
- CHF 250,000 criminal fine on the responsible individual (wilful breaches)
LGPD and cookies: what Brazil's data protection law requires from your website
- Jurisdiction
- Brazil (also applies to foreign companies targeting people in Brazil)
- Maximum fine
- 2% of revenue in Brazil, capped at R$ 50 million per infraction
LOPDGDD and cookies: what Spanish law requires from your website
- Jurisdiction
- Spain
- Maximum fine
- €30,000 per LSSI cookie infringement (€150,000 if repeated), up to €20 million or 4% of turnover under the GDPR
These guides explain the law in plain language. They are not legal advice: for a specific situation, consult a lawyer or the competent authority.
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